creativity – Page 2

[LINK] A Thoughtful and Well-Researched Article About Fanfiction

Yesterday a story by Lev Grossman appeared on the Time Magazine website, titled “The Boy Who Lived Forever” (soon to be available in print). The occasion of the story, of course, is the imminent conclusion of the Harry Potter saga,

[META] Transformative Works, Transformative History

The latest issue of Transformative Works and Cultures has arrived, and it’s a special issue about “Fan Works and Fan Communities in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” edited by Nancy Reagin and Anne Rubenstein. There’s a lot of great material

[META] Pop! Goes the Fanart

This guest post by fanartist Betty Anne expands on comments she made to a recent OTW news post regarding Salon’s coverage of fanart. One of the prevailing problems fanartists run into is acceptance of their art by the mainstream art

[META] Existing settings, existing characters

We are all familiar with the elements of fiction: plot, character, theme, setting, point of view. When a writer decides to set a story in San Francisco in 1980, or in Bonn in 1950, or in her home town the

11806 1 chicago-author-date 5 dateAdded desc https://fanhackers.transformativeworks.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22MT67EMBM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A11806%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A939721%2C%22username%22%3A%22Lelaina5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Flelaina5%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Green%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026-09-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGreen%2C%20Walden.%202026.%20%26%23x201C%3BHow%20the%20Founder%20of%20Lady%20Gaga%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Biggest%20Fan%20Site%20Ended%20Up%20in%20Prison.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPitchfork%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20September%2024.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpitchfork.com%5C%2Fstory%5C%2Fhow-the-founder-of-lady-gaga-biggest-fan-site-ended-up-in-prison%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpitchfork.com%5C%2Fstory%5C%2Fhow-the-founder-of-lady-gaga-biggest-fan-site-ended-up-in-prison%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20the%20Founder%20of%20Lady%20Gaga%5Cu2019s%20Biggest%20Fan%20Site%20Ended%20Up%20in%20Prison%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Green%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Gaga%20Daily%5Cu2019s%20Kirill%20Nguyen%20is%20free%5Cu2014and%20streaming%20Mayhem%5Cu2014after%20being%20detained%20for%20protesting%20the%20Belarusian%20government%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026-09-24T20%3A02%3A06.528Z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22greenHowFounderLady2026%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpitchfork.com%5C%2Fstory%5C%2Fhow-the-founder-of-lady-gaga-biggest-fan-site-ended-up-in-prison%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-10-22T11%3A24%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SABELCSC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A11806%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A939721%2C%22username%22%3A%22Lelaina5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Flelaina5%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mercier%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMercier%2C%20Faye.%202022.%20%26%23x201C%3B%26%23x2018%3BMaybe%20If%20She%20Stanned%20%26%23x2026%3B%26%23x2019%3B%3A%20Reinforcing%20Fan%20Identities%20and%20Affirming%20Positive%20Fan-Object%20Relations%20through%20Toxic%20Practices%20in%20K-Pop%20Fandom.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Fandom%20Studies%2C%20The%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2010%20%282%29%3A%20199%26%23x2013%3B221.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1386%5C%2Fjfs_00063_1%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1386%5C%2Fjfs_00063_1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5Cu2018Maybe%20if%20she%20stanned%20%5Cu2026%5Cu2019%3A%20Reinforcing%20fan%20identities%20and%20affirming%20positive%20fan-object%20relations%20through%20toxic%20practices%20in%20K-Pop%20fandom%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Faye%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mercier%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20proposes%20an%20analysis%20of%20a%20specific%20form%20of%20toxic%20fan%20practice%20within%20Korean%20pop%20%28K-Pop%29%20music%20fandoms%2C%20discussing%20the%20role%20these%20toxic%20discourses%20play%20in%20the%20formation%20and%20affirmation%20of%20positive%20fan%20identities.%20The%20specific%20toxic%20practices%20that%20will%20be%20discussed%20occur%20in%20response%20to%20the%20personal%20tragedies%20of%20others%2C%20frequently%20where%20suicide%20or%20attempted%20suicide%20is%20involved.%20In%20particular%2C%20this%20article%20focuses%20on%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20certain%20K-Pop%20fans%20target%20the%20personal%20tragedies%20of%20others%20as%20a%20means%20of%20reinforcing%20a%20positive%20relation%20to%20their%20fan-object.%20Crucially%2C%20the%20tragedies%20these%20toxic%20behaviours%20are%20directed%20towards%20are%20not%20immediately%20related%20to%20the%20fandom%20or%20fan-object%2C%20and%20these%20aggressive%20fan%20behaviours%20are%20largely%20unprovoked.%20This%20%5Cu2018Maybe%20if%20she%20stanned%20%5Cu2026%5Cu2019%20phenomenon%20serves%20to%20express%20the%20superiority%20of%20fan%20communities%20by%20asserting%20their%20distance%20from%20the%20suffering%20of%20others%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20redemptive%20qualities%20of%20their%20fan-object.%20I%20argue%20that%20these%20toxic%20fan%20practices%20function%20as%20a%20means%20of%20reaffirming%20the%20righteousness%20of%20a%20particular%20fandom%2C%20and%20this%20righteous%20toxicity%20is%20itself%20the%20result%20of%20the%20K-Pop%20industry%5Cu2019s%20valorization%20of%20an%20emotionally%20heightened%20form%20of%20fan%20devotion%2C%20as%20well%20as%20a%20changing%20online%20fan%20environment.%20In%20doing%20so%2C%20I%20hope%20to%20demonstrate%20how%20toxic%20fan%20practices%20arise%20as%20self-affirming%20meaning-making%20discourses%20within%20fan%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-06-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1386%5C%2Fjfs_00063_1%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22mercierMaybeIfShe2022%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fintellectdiscover.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2F10.1386%5C%2Fjfs_00063_1%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222046-6692%2C%202046-6706%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-10-22T11%3A24%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HFU87XJP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A11806%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A939721%2C%22username%22%3A%22Lelaina5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Flelaina5%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zuckerman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026-09-13%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BZuckerman%2C%20Esther.%202026.%20%26%23x201C%3BMortal%20Enemies%20or%20Lovers%3F%20The%20Odd%20Obsession%20With%20Wile%20E.%20Coyote%20and%20Road%20Runner.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWall%20Street%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20September%2013.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.wsj.com%5C%2Farts-culture%5C%2Ffilm%5C%2Facme-wile-e-coyote-road-runner-in-love-db2f51dc%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.wsj.com%5C%2Farts-culture%5C%2Ffilm%5C%2Facme-wile-e-coyote-road-runner-in-love-db2f51dc%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22newspaperArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mortal%20Enemies%20or%20Lovers%3F%20The%20Odd%20Obsession%20With%20Wile%20E.%20Coyote%20and%20Road%20Runner%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esther%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zuckerman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026-09-13%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22zuckermanMortalEnemiesLovers2026%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.wsj.com%5C%2Farts-culture%5C%2Ffilm%5C%2Facme-wile-e-coyote-road-runner-in-love-db2f51dc%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-10-22T11%3A24%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FWXN2QSA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A11806%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A939721%2C%22username%22%3A%22Lelaina5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Flelaina5%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22KOOIENGA%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026-09-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKOOIENGA%2C%20BRITTANY.%202026.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhy%20a%20Gay%20Hockey%20Romance%20Is%20Making%20Straight%20Women%20Leave%20Their%20Husbands.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BELLE%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20September%202.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.elle.com%5C%2Flife-love%5C%2Fsex-relationships%5C%2Fa73534914%5C%2Fheated-rivalry-relationship-impact-interview-2026%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.elle.com%5C%2Flife-love%5C%2Fsex-relationships%5C%2Fa73534914%5C%2Fheated-rivalry-relationship-impact-interview-2026%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Why%20a%20Gay%20Hockey%20Romance%20Is%20Making%20Straight%20Women%20Leave%20Their%20Husbands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22BRITTANY%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22KOOIENGA%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22For%20some%20viewers%2C%20Heated%20Rivalry%20was%20a%20wake-up%20call%20for%20what%5Cu2019s%20missing%20in%20their%20own%20relationships.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026-09-02T11%3A00%3A05Z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22kooiengaWhyGayHockey2026%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.elle.com%5C%2Flife-love%5C%2Fsex-relationships%5C%2Fa73534914%5C%2Fheated-rivalry-relationship-impact-interview-2026%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-10-22T11%3A24%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ESUXBXEK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A11806%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A939721%2C%22username%22%3A%22Lelaina5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Flelaina5%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jamison%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BJamison%2C%20Anne.%202022.%20%26%23x201C%3BLook%20Back%20in%20Angria%20%28The%20Bront%26%23xEB%3B%20Family%20Fandom%29.%26%23x201D%3B%20Sec.%20114.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BHumanities%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28Basel%29%2011%20%285%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fh11050114%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fh11050114%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Look%20Back%20in%20Angria%20%28The%20Bront%5Cu00eb%20Family%20Fandom%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jamison%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Transhistorical%20accounts%20of%20fanfiction%20often%20refer%20to%20the%20Bront%5Cu00ebs%5Cu2019%20juvenilia%2C%20but%20such%20references%20are%20largely%20cursory%20even%20as%20they%20make%20a%20claim%20about%20the%20siblings%5Cu2019%20Angria%20and%20Gondal%20writings%20that%20needs%20more%20careful%20consideration.%20This%20essay%20offers%20a%20more%20thorough%20examination%20of%20what%20it%20means%20to%20claim%20%5Cu201cthe%20Bront%5Cu00ebs%20wrote%20fanfic%5Cu201d%2C%20analyzing%20their%20family-%20and%20site-specific%20mode%20of%20creative%20production%20and%20consumption%20in%20relation%20both%20to%20established%20definitions%20of%20contemporary%20fanfiction%20and%20to%20their%20own%20sources%20and%20environment.%20Archival%20research%20has%20enabled%20me%20to%20situate%20some%20of%20the%20Bront%5Cu00ebs%5Cu2019%20earliest%20texts%20in%20their%20original%20tiny%2C%20hand-produced%20format%20alongside%20the%20print%20periodicals%20and%20physical%20books%20that%20the%20young%20authors%20read%20and%20transformed.%20I%20analyze%20how%20the%20siblings%5Cu2019%20books%20mimic%20the%20multiplicity%20and%20flexibility%20of%20authorship%20modeled%20in%20their%20local%20newspaper%20and%20how%20their%20drawing%2C%20marginalia%2C%20and%20corrections%20accentuate%20the%20interactive%20nature%20of%20the%20printed%20book.%20Viewing%20the%20Bront%5Cu00eb%20siblings%20as%20a%20family%20fandom%20enthusiastically%20devoted%20to%20the%20creation%20and%20appreciation%20of%20transformative%20works%20helps%20make%20visible%20a%20model%20of%20authorship%20they%20share%20with%20contemporary%20fanfiction%3A%20authorship%20not%20just%20as%20collaboration%20but%20as%20play%20and%20exchange%20among%20diverse%20materials%2C%20sources%2C%20activities%2C%20media%2C%20writers%2C%20and%20readers.%20Then%2C%20as%20now%2C%20this%20mode%20exists%20simultaneously%20with%20commercial%20authorship%20but%20is%20distinct%20from%20it%2C%20as%20the%20siblings%20recognized%2C%20altering%20their%20plots%2C%20practice%2C%20and%20presentation%20for%20their%20novels.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22114%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fh11050114%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22jamisonLookBackAngria2022%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222076-0787%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-10-22T11%3A24%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D

Green, Walden. 2026. “How the Founder of Lady Gaga’s Biggest Fan Site Ended Up in Prison.” Pitchfork, September 24. https://pitchfork.com/story/how-the-founder-of-lady-gaga-biggest-fan-site-ended-up-in-prison/.

Mercier, Faye. 2022. “‘Maybe If She Stanned …’: Reinforcing Fan Identities and Affirming Positive Fan-Object Relations through Toxic Practices in K-Pop Fandom.” Journal of Fandom Studies, The 10 (2): 199–221. https://doi.org/10.1386/jfs_00063_1.

Zuckerman, Esther. 2026. “Mortal Enemies or Lovers? The Odd Obsession With Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner.” Wall Street Journal, September 13. https://www.wsj.com/arts-culture/film/acme-wile-e-coyote-road-runner-in-love-db2f51dc.

KOOIENGA, BRITTANY. 2026. “Why a Gay Hockey Romance Is Making Straight Women Leave Their Husbands.” ELLE, September 2. https://www.elle.com/life-love/sex-relationships/a73534914/heated-rivalry-relationship-impact-interview-2026/.

Jamison, Anne. 2022. “Look Back in Angria (The Brontë Family Fandom).” Sec. 114. Humanities (Basel) 11 (5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/h11050114.

Search for more fan studies research.