Fan groups that translate anime and manga have had a strong influence on the evolution of commercial translation strategies for the medium, and anime clubs and conventions often develop symbiotic ties with industry retailers. As inferred by the terms “group”

Currently, the structure of fansubbing distribution is highly decentralized and  difficult  to  coordinate.  In  peer-to-peer  file  sharing,  there  are  no  central organizations  but  rather  multiple  –  very  transient  –  global  networks  among individual file sharers. With such a structure, it

It requires a certain cultural expertise and freedom to be able to arrange cultural fragments skilfully to new ends. This is reflected in The LEGO Movie, where the most prestigious characters are so-called masterbuilders, people who have the actual ideas

In this way, machinima, at its core, is not markedly different than vids. What truly differentiates machinima from vids are how each genre is perceived, evaluated and categorized within mainstream culture and its analysis within the academic community. This difference

Web 2.0 phenomena have been called the “read/write” Web (Berners-Lee, 2005), where users’ contributing of comments and content can provide equivalent, and sometimes greater, value to a website than content merely posted in static pages by the site’s owner. Warren,

Perhaps most notably, by offering works that arguably “push the envelope” more than the works of the formal manga industry, dōjinshi may produce examples of innovation that create new opportunities for the entire industry. Indeed, mainstream manga publishing companies have